Space Force targets boost-phase missile defense from space

The U.S. Space Force is seeking advanced technologies to enable space-based interceptors capable of destroying ballistic missiles during their boost phase, while the missiles are still inside the atmosphere. The effort is outlined in a new Small Business Innovation Research solicitation focused on developing smaller, faster, and more affordable interceptor systems.

According to the SBIR notice, the Space Force wants technologies that integrate high-G propulsion, advanced seekers, and low size, weight, and power interceptors into space vehicles. The goal is to support space-based interceptor architectures that can move from detection to intercept in extremely compressed timelines. The solicitation opens Jan. 7 and closes Jan. 28.

Space-based interceptors are a central element of the Trump administration’s Golden Dome missile defense initiative. Earlier this month, the Space Force released a separate request for proposals for space-based midcourse interceptors designed to engage missiles while they coast through space between launch and atmospheric reentry. Boost-phase interceptors, by contrast, aim to destroy missiles earlier, during their ascent, when they are slower and more vulnerable.

While the Space Force has already awarded a small number of contracts for prototype boost-phase interceptors, the SBIR signals a broader push for research into next-generation designs. Current interceptor systems, the service argues, are effective but too large and costly to support rapid deployment or distributed space constellations.

The SBIR calls for solutions that can match or exceed existing interceptor performance in a much smaller package. The Space Force envisions intercepts occurring at altitudes below 120 kilometers, or roughly 75 miles above Earth, with total intercept times of less than 180 seconds.

Propulsion is a key focus area. Proposed interceptors should deliver high thrust and rapid acceleration of at least 6 kilometers per second. Desired features include dual-pulse or throttleable motors, advanced solid or hybrid propellants, thrust vector control, and the ability to shut down and reignite motors in flight. Improved specific impulse is also sought to increase efficiency.

To improve kill probability, the Space Force wants interceptors equipped with multiple sensors. The systems must also be compact, manufacturable at scale, and compatible with orbital launch platforms capable of providing persistent regional coverage. Because the interceptors would descend rapidly from space into the atmosphere, robust thermal protection against extreme aerodynamic heating is required.

“These are formidable requirements,” said Patrycja Bazylczyk, associate director of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. She noted that boost-phase defense is especially challenging due to the tight timelines involved in detecting, tracking, and intercepting a missile shortly after launch.

Still, Bazylczyk said the concept is technically feasible. Existing space-based interceptor technologies, combined with declining launch costs and continued miniaturization of electronics, could significantly reduce the cost of deploying large constellations.

The project’s Phase I will focus on concept development, followed by Phase II prototype demonstrations. In Phase III, the Space Force expects the technologies to be adapted for broader missile defense and high-speed intercept missions across the military. The service also anticipates potential commercial spinoffs in areas such as hypersonics testing, responsive launch, atmospheric sensing, and high-speed autonomous systems.

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Sources: AirGuide Business airguide.info, bing.com